{"id":1209,"date":"2015-03-15T08:46:11","date_gmt":"2015-03-15T05:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209"},"modified":"2025-03-26T15:14:01","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T12:14:01","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f.\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628\u062b<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

3<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f.\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

4<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f. \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

5<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f.\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

6<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f.\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

7<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f.\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

8<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

9<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong>\u062f. \u0645\u0647\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

10<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

11<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f.\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u064a \u0643\u0634\u064a\u0634<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

12<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062f. \u0639\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

13<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

14<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

15<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

16<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062b\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

17<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u00a0 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0636\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

18<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 <\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

19<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0641<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

20<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

21<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0628\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

22<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u063a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0629 <\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td>

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a 1 \u062f.\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 2 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 3 \u062f.\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 4 \u062f. \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 5 \u062f.\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1209","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a 1 \u062f.\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 2 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 3 \u062f.\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 4 \u062f. \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 5 \u062f.\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/eco.mu.edu.iq?locale=ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-26T12:14:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@economics_muth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/?page_id=1209\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/?page_id=1209\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2015-03-15T05:46:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-26T12:14:01+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/?page_id=1209#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/?page_id=1209\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/?page_id=1209#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\",\"description\":\"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/eco.mu.edu.iq\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f","og_description":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a 1 \u062f.\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 2 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 3 \u062f.\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 4 \u062f. \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 5 \u062f.\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649...","og_url":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209","og_site_name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f","article_publisher":"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/eco.mu.edu.iq?locale=ar_AR","article_modified_time":"2025-03-26T12:14:01+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@economics_muth","twitter_misc":{"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209","url":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-03-15T05:46:11+00:00","dateModified":"2025-03-26T12:14:01+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?page_id=1209#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/","name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f","description":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"}]}},"rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"amjad","author_link":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/?author=1"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a 1 \u062f.\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 2 \u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 3 \u062f.\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 4 \u062f. \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 5 \u062f.\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1209","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1209"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1209\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19466,"href":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1209\/revisions\/19466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eco.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}